FEPESE 2025 • Inglês • São José - SC
🔐 Texto de apoio
Education encompasses the teaching and acquisition of knowledge, proper conduct, and technical proficiency. It emphasizes the development of skills, trades, or professions, along with mental, moral, and aesthetic growth.
Formal education entails structured instruction, teaching, and training delivered by professional educators. It involves the application of pedagogy and the creation of curricula.
The right to education is a fundamental human right. Since 1952, Article 2 of the First Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights has mandated all signatory parties to ensure this right. At the global level, the United Nations’ International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees the right to education under Article 13.
Educational systems are established to provide education and training, often targeting children and youth. A curriculum outlines what students should know, understand, and be capable of doing after completing their education. The teaching profession facilitates learning, and a framework of policies, regulations, examinations, structures, and funding supports educators in delivering high-quality education.
Primary (or elementary) education encompasses the initial years of formal, structured education. Typically lasting six or seven years, primary education begins around the age of 5 or 6, though this timeframe varies among countries. Globally, approximately 70% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education, with this figure steadily increasing.
In most contemporary educational systems worldwide, secondary education covers the subsequent years of formal education occurring during adolescence. It marks the transition from compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors to optional, selective tertiary, or higher education (e.g., university, vocational school) for adults.
Higher education, also referred to as tertiary, third stage, or post-secondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level following the completion of secondary schooling, such as high school or secondary school. Tertiary education typically includes undergraduate and postgraduate programs, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities serve as the primary institutions offering tertiary education and are collectively known as tertiary institutions. Completion of tertiary education often leads to the attainment of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.
🔗 Texto adaptado de:
🔗 source: myenglishpages
Study the use of the underlined word in the following sentence from the text:
“A curriculum outlines what students should know, understand, and be capable of doing after completing their education.”
The underlined word:
refers to outlines.
refers to students.
is replacing the word curriculum.
is being used as an object pronoun.
is being used as a possessive pronoun.
📝 Resolução Comentada – Questão 19
A questão cobra Pronoun Reference, exigindo identificar o antecedente do pronome e sua função sintática dentro da oração.
O trecho analisado é:
A curriculum outlines what students should know, understand, and be capable of doing after completing their education.
O termo their retoma o substantivo plural students, indicando que a educação pertence aos estudantes mencionados anteriormente.
students ↓ their education
Além disso, their acompanha diretamente o substantivo education, funcionando como Possessive Determiner (Possessive Adjective), e não como pronome possessivo.
🟢 (B) Gabarito Oficial
Mecanismo explorado: Anaphoric Reference + Antecedent Identification.
A banca avalia se o candidato consegue localizar corretamente o antecedente do pronome dentro da cadeia coesiva do texto.
❌ (A)
Tipo do Distrator: Falsa Associação (False Association).
Por que está errada?
Relaciona o pronome ao verbo outlines, ignorando que apenas substantivos compatíveis podem funcionar como antecedentes referenciais.
Mapeamento do Erro:
their
↓
students ✔
≠
outlines ✘
❌ (C)
Tipo do Distrator: Contradição Direta (Direct Contradiction).
Por que está errada?
Afirma que their substitui curriculum, mas curriculum está no singular e exigiria its, jamais their.
❌ (D)
Tipo do Distrator: Distorção de Sentido (Distortion of Meaning).
Por que está errada?
Classifica their como object pronoun. Pronomes objeto (him, her, them, us...) recebem a ação verbal, enquanto their expressa posse e modifica um substantivo.
❌ (E)
Tipo do Distrator: Distorção de Sentido (Distortion of Meaning).
Por que está errada?
A banca explora uma confusão clássica da gramática inglesa entre Possessive Determiner (Possessive Adjective) e Possessive Pronoun.
their acompanha diretamente o substantivo education, funcionando como determinante possessivo.
Um verdadeiro Possessive Pronoun substituiria completamente o substantivo, como ocorre com theirs.
Mapeamento do Erro:
their education
↓
Possessive Determiner ✔
theirs
↓
Possessive Pronoun ✔
Técnica utilizada pela banca: Confundir duas categorias gramaticais muito semelhantes, diferenciadas apenas pela função sintática desempenhada na oração.
- Questão clássica de Pronoun Reference.
- O antecedente de their é students.
- their funciona como Possessive Determiner (Possessive Adjective).
- Não é Object Pronoun nem Possessive Pronoun.
- A regra prática é simples:
- their + substantivo → Possessive Determiner.
- theirs → Possessive Pronoun.
- Os distratores exploram principalmente Falsa Associação, Contradição Direta e Distorção de Sentido.
Chunk family:
- their education
- their curriculum
- their knowledge
- possessive determiner
- possessive pronoun
- anaphoric reference
- antecedent identification
Gabarito Oficial: B