FEPESE 2025 • Inglês • São José - SC
🔐 Texto de apoio
Education encompasses the teaching and acquisition of knowledge, proper conduct, and technical proficiency. It emphasizes the development of skills, trades, or professions, along with mental, moral, and aesthetic growth.
Formal education entails structured instruction, teaching, and training delivered by professional educators. It involves the application of pedagogy and the creation of curricula.
The right to education is a fundamental human right. Since 1952, Article 2 of the First Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights has mandated all signatory parties to ensure this right. At the global level, the United Nations’ International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees the right to education under Article 13.
Educational systems are established to provide education and training, often targeting children and youth. A curriculum outlines what students should know, understand, and be capable of doing after completing their education. The teaching profession facilitates learning, and a framework of policies, regulations, examinations, structures, and funding supports educators in delivering high-quality education.
Primary (or elementary) education encompasses the initial years of formal, structured education. Typically lasting six or seven years, primary education begins around the age of 5 or 6, though this timeframe varies among countries. Globally, approximately 70% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education, with this figure steadily increasing.
In most contemporary educational systems worldwide, secondary education covers the subsequent years of formal education occurring during adolescence. It marks the transition from compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors to optional, selective tertiary, or higher education (e.g., university, vocational school) for adults.
Higher education, also referred to as tertiary, third stage, or post-secondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level following the completion of secondary schooling, such as high school or secondary school. Tertiary education typically includes undergraduate and postgraduate programs, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities serve as the primary institutions offering tertiary education and are collectively known as tertiary institutions. Completion of tertiary education often leads to the attainment of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees.
🔗 Texto adaptado de:
🔗 source: myenglishpages
According to the text, decide if the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).
( ) Teachers are facilitators of the learning process and support educators. ( ) Formal education implies structured instruction, teaching, and training. ( ) Primary education involves the application of pedagogy and the creation of curricula. ( ) Educational systems are established to provide education and training, constantly targeting children and youth.
Choose the alternative which presents the correct sequence, from top to bottom.
F • T • F • T
T • T • F • F
F • T • F • F
T • F • F • T
F • F • T • T
📝 Resolução Comentada – Questão 18
Esta é uma típica questão de Reading Comprehension. Todas as afirmações podem ser verificadas diretamente no texto mediante confronto entre a proposição e a informação explicitamente apresentada pelo autor.
Análise das afirmativas:
I — FALSE
O texto afirma que the teaching profession facilitates learning, enquanto quem supports educators é o sistema composto por políticas, regulamentos, exames, estruturas e financiamento.
II — TRUE
Paráfrase direta do segundo parágrafo:
Formal education entails structured instruction, teaching and training.
III — FALSE
A aplicação da pedagogia e a elaboração de currículos pertencem ao conceito de Formal Education, e não especificamente ao bloco de Primary Education.
IV — TRUE
O quarto parágrafo informa que os sistemas educacionais são estabelecidos para fornecer educação e treinamento, frequentemente direcionados a crianças e jovens.
A sequência correta é:
F • T • F • T
Portanto, a alternativa correta é (A).
🟢 (A) Gabarito Oficial
Mecanismo explorado: Factual Verification + Explicit Textual Evidence.
Cada proposição deve ser confrontada diretamente com o trecho correspondente do texto, sem extrapolações.
❌ (B)
Tipo do Distrator: Falsa Associação (False Association).
Por que está errada?
Transforma a primeira afirmação em verdadeira ao fundir duas informações independentes: professores facilitam a aprendizagem, enquanto o suporte aos educadores é fornecido pelo sistema educacional.
Mapeamento do Erro:
teachers facilitate learning
≠
teachers support educators
❌ (C)
Tipo do Distrator: Distorção de Sentido (Distortion of Meaning).
Por que está errada?
Classifica a quarta afirmação como falsa, embora ela corresponda diretamente ao quarto parágrafo do texto.
❌ (D)
Tipo do Distrator: Contradição Direta (Direct Contradiction).
Por que está errada?
Marca como falsa justamente a segunda afirmativa, que reproduz quase literalmente a definição apresentada pelo autor para Formal Education.
❌ (E)
Tipo do Distrator: Falsa Associação (False Association).
Por que está errada?
A alternativa considera verdadeira a terceira afirmação ao atribuir exclusivamente à Primary Education características que o texto associa à Formal Education. O autor distingue claramente esses dois conceitos ao longo do texto.
Mapeamento do Erro:
Formal Education
↓
pedagogy + curricula
≠
Primary Education
Técnica utilizada pela banca: Transferir uma característica de um conceito para outro conceito semelhante dentro do mesmo texto.
- Questão típica de Reading Comprehension baseada em verificação literal de informações.
- Grande armadilha: confundir Formal Education com Primary Education.
- Outra armadilha importante: misturar o papel do teaching profession com o papel do framework of policies, regulations, examinations, structures and funding.
- O verbo entails foi corretamente parafraseado por implies.
- Os distratores exploram principalmente Falsa Associação, Distorção de Sentido e Contradição Direta.
Chunk family:
- formal education
- structured instruction
- teaching and training
- application of pedagogy
- creation of curricula
- provide education and training
- support educators
Gabarito Oficial: A